Ecology: ноября 2012

воскресенье, 25 ноября 2012 г.

Criteria for identification and assessing environmental hazards of chemical pollutants

New criteria in order to answer the question were formulated in this paper: is a given chemical substance hazardous to the environment or not? This paper formulated a fundamentally new solution to the problem of selecting criteria for identification and assessing environmental hazards of chemical pollutants, toxicants.

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Reference:
Ostroumov S.A. Anthropogenic effects on the biota: Towards a new system of principles and criteria for analysis of ecological hazards.- Rivista Di Biologia-Biology Forum, 2003, Volume: 96, Issue: 1, Pages: 159-169.

http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/09/ostroumov-sa-anthropogenic-effects-on.html

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Abstract

The currently accepted system of criteria for evaluating environmental and ecological hazards of man-made chemicals (pollutants) is vulnerable to criticism. In this paper, a new concept of the system of approaches towards criteria for evaluating the ecological hazard from man-made impact is proposed. It is suggested to assess the man-made impacts (including effects of pollutants and xenobiotics) on the biota according to the following four levels of disturbance in biological and ecological systems: (1) the level of individual responses; (2) the level of aggregated responses of groups of organisms; (3) the level of stability and integrity of the ecosystem; (4) the level of contributions of the ecosystem to biospheric processes. On the basis of the author's experimental studies, an example is given of how to apply the proposed approach and the system of criteria to the analysis of concrete experimental data. To exemplify the efficiency of the proposed approach, it is shown how to use it to analyze new data on effects of a synthetic surfactant on water filtering by bivalves. It is concluded that the proposed approach will be helpful in better assessing environmental and ecological hazards from anthropogenic effects on biota, including effects of man-made chemicals polluting ecosystems.

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Key words: ecology, bioassay, environmental, hazards, man-made, impacts, anthropogenic, effects, pollutants, xenobiotics, biofiltering, water self-purification, aquatic ecosystems, criteria, system, level, block, approach, analysis, ecological, biota, TX100, Mytilus edulis, mussels, filtration, non-ionic, surfactant, bivalves

Ключевые слова: экология, биотестирование, науки об окружающей среде, опасности, связанные с деятельностью человека, последствия, антропогенные, воздействия, загрязняющие вещества, ксенобиотики, биофильтрация, самоочищение воды, водные экосистемы, критерии, система, уровень, блок, подход, анализ, экологический, биота, TX100, Mytilus edulis, мидии, фильтрация, неионогенные, поверхностно-активное вещество, двустворчатые моллюски

See also:

New concepts and terminology in ecology, and science of limnology and biological oceanography: ecological tax; ecological repair of water quality. Some aspects of water filtering activity of filter-feeders.

ttp://alsuyus.blogspot.com/2012/10/new-concepts-and-terminology-in-ecology.html

Inhibition of mussel suspension feeding by surfactants of three classes. Marine mussels Mytilus, Atlantic Ocean; ecotoxicology of cationic, anionic, and non-ionogenic detergents
http://alsuyus.blogspot.com/2012/10/inhibition-of-mussel-suspension-feeding.html

New aspects of water quality formation and water quality control in natural freshwater and marine ecosystems; new facts on negative effects of chemical pollutants (e.g., synthetic surfactants and detergents) on aquatic organisms, especially filter-feeders.
http://alsuyus.blogspot.com/2012/10/basics-of-molecular-ecological.html

First paper to report concentrations of a number of rare earth elements (Ce, Nd, U, Hf, Cs, Au) in biological detritus in an aquatic system.
http://alsuyus.blogspot.com/2012/09/the-role-of-biodetritus-in-accumulation.html

Modern comments on innovative scientific terms (ecological chemomediators, ecological chemoregulators).

http://alsuyus.blogspot.com/2012/09/modern-comments-on-innovative.html

Innovative theory of ecological mechanisms of self-purification of water in freshwater and marine ecosystems.
http://alsuyus.blogspot.com/2012/09/biocontrol-of-water-quality.html

Innovative and multifaceted conceptualization of how almost all aquatic organisms function together toward making water clear and clean.

http://alsuyus.blogspot.com/2012/09/on-multifunctional-role-of-biota-in.html

Detailed analysis of the discovery and innovation: a new aspect of the functioning of ecosystem.

http://alsuyus.blogspot.ru/2012/10/aquatic-ecosystem-as-bioreactor-water.html

New facts on how detergents slow down the filtration of water by aquatic organisms; new inhibitory effects of surfactants TDTMA and SDS on water filtering activity of the marine mollusks oysters Crassostrea gigas.

http://alsuyus.blogspot.ru/2012/11/new-facts-on-hazards-of-synthetic.html

First and unique paper in which an international team of experts, scientists of 3 countries formulated a short list of research priorities in ecology and environmental sciences.
http://alsuyus.blogspot.ru/2012/11/medium-term-and-long-term-priorities-in.html

Modernized definition of the term "pheromones", comments on some new concepts.
http://alsuyus.blogspot.ru/2012/11/the-functions-of-living-substances-in.html

четверг, 15 ноября 2012 г.

The Functions of Living Substances in the Biosphere

Modernized definition of the term "pheromones", comments on some new concepts.

A new modernized definition of the term "pheromones"; comments on the new concepts that were proposed by the author, namely ecological chemomediators, ecological chemoregulators, ecological chemoeffectors.

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Ostroumov S.A. The Functions of Living Substances in the Biosphere. - HERALD OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 2003, 73 (2): 164-169
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/09/the-functions-of-living-substances-in.html

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Key words:
biosphere, new concepts, ecology, biology, V.I.Vernadsky, living matter, biogeochemistry, new modernized definition, terminology, pheromones, ecological chemomediators, ecological chemoregulators, ecological chemoeffectors

Ключевые слова:

биосфера, новые концепции, экология, биология, В.И. Вернадский, живое вещество, биогеохимия, новые модернизированные определения, терминология, феромоны, экологические хемомедиаторы, экологические хеморегуляторы, экологические хемоэффекторы

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See also:

New concepts and terminology in ecology, and science of limnology and biological oceanography: ecological tax; ecological repair of water quality. Some aspects of water filtering activity of filter-feeders.

ttp://alsuyus.blogspot.com/2012/10/new-concepts-and-terminology-in-ecology.html

Modern comments on innovative scientific terms (ecological chemomediators, ecological chemoregulators).

http://alsuyus.blogspot.com/2012/09/modern-comments-on-innovative.html

http://alsuyus.blogspot.com/2012/09/on-multifunctional-role-of-biota-in.html

Detailed analysis of the discovery and innovation: a new aspect of the functioning of ecosystem.

четверг, 8 ноября 2012 г.

Medium-term and long-term priorities in ecological studies

A short list of research priorities in ecology and environmental sciences for future.
A first and unique paper in which an international team of experts, scientists of three countries formulated a short list of research priorities in ecology and environmental sciences for the current century.

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S.A. Ostroumov, S.I. Dodson, D. Hamilton, S.A. Peterson, and R.G. Wetzel. Medium-term and long-term priorities in ecological studies. - Rivista di Biologia, 96(2):327–332, 2003.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/48100827
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/08/medium-term-and-long-term-priorities-in.html

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Abstract
Research priorities in ecology and environmental sciences for the future are formulated. The priorities for both fundamental and applied ecology are proposed. The list of priorities includes about 50 items. The priorities are relevant to terrestrial, aquatic, and general ecology. The list of priorities is helpful when grant proposals are being prepared, evaluated, and selected for funding.

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Reference:

S.A. Ostroumov, S.I. Dodson, D. Hamilton, S.A. Peterson, and R.G. Wetzel. Medium-term and long-term priorities in ecological studies. - Rivista di Biologia, 96(2):327–332, 2003.

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Keywords: ecology, environmental sciences, priorities, fundamental problems, topics for grants, scientific policy

Ключевые слова: экология, науки об окружающей среде, приоритеты, фундаментальные проблемы, темы для грантов, научная политика

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воскресенье, 4 ноября 2012 г.

New facts on hazards of synthetic detergents as environmental pollutants

New facts on how detergents slow down the filtration of water by aquatic organisms (bivalve mussels, oysters and others). New inhibitory effects of surfactants TDTMA and SDS on water filtering activity of the marine mollusks oysters Crassostrea gigas.

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S.A. Ostroumov. Studying effects of some surfactants and detergents on filter-feeding bivalves. - Hydrobiologia, 500:341–344, 2003.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/63898669
http://www.springerlink.com/content/k05884h730t228w4/

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Abstract. Effects of several chemicals, synthetic surfactants and chemical mixtures, on marine bivalves were studied. An anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS), and a cationic surfactant, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TDTMA), inhibited the filtering activity of marine bivalves, oysters (Crassostrea gigas). Similar effects were exhibited by some chemical mixtures that included surfactants. Those mixtures inhibited the filtering activity of Crassostrea gigas and marine mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. The new results are in agreement with the author's previous experiments, where a number of xenobiotics and/or pollutants inhibited the filtering activity of several species of marine and freshwater bivalves, e.g., it had been shown that SDS inhibited filtering activity of marine mussels Mytilus edulis (e.g., Ostroumov, 2000c, 2001a). This experimental approach is helpful in assessment of environmental hazards from man-made chemicals that can contaminate marine systems. The importance of the findings:

1) It is the first discovery of serious environmental hazards from synthetic surfactants and chemical mixtures that contain surfactants, especially in view of the fact that filtering activity of bivalves is an important part of water self-purification and the natural mechanism for maintaining water quality;

2) It is a new evidence of serious environmental hazards from relatively mild, sublethal effects of chemical pollutants;

3) It is relevant to aquaculture and mariculture. The new data discovered a new man-made impact on aquatic systems that poses a threat to aquaculture.

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Reference:
S.A. Ostroumov. Studying effects of some surfactants and detergents on filter-feeding bivalves. - Hydrobiologia, 500:341–344, 2003.

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Keywords: chemical, pollution, water, quality, aquatic, ecosystem, marine, self-purification, environmental, hazards, assessment, surfactants, detergents, oysters, mussels, filter-feeders, suspension feeders, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Mytilus edulis

Ключевые слова: химический, загрязнение, вода, качество, водный, экосистема, морской, самоочищение, науки об окружающей среде, опасности, оценка, поверхностно-активные вещества, детергенты, устрицы, мидии, фильтраторы, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Mytilus edulis

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http://alsuyus.blogspot.com/2012/10/new-concepts-and-terminology-in-ecology.html

http://alsuyus.blogspot.com/2012/10/inhibition-of-mussel-suspension-feeding.html

http://alsuyus.blogspot.com/2012/10/basics-of-molecular-ecological.html

http://alsuyus.blogspot.com/2012/09/the-role-of-biodetritus-in-accumulation.html

http://alsuyus.blogspot.com/2012/09/modern-comments-on-innovative.html

http://alsuyus.blogspot.com/2012/09/biocontrol-of-water-quality.html

http://alsuyus.blogspot.com/2012/09/on-multifunctional-role-of-biota-in.html

http://alsuyus.blogspot.ru/2012/10/aquatic-ecosystem-as-bioreactor-water.html